The publication is intended for the professional as well as lay public and presents research data from 2002 - 2012 on physical activity and inactivity of the Czech adult and senior population. The paper also includes an analysis of selected national and international physical activity guidelines. Current research results were linked with a systematic review study and theoretical and methodological background for monitoring physical activity in order to develop an evidence-based recommendations to address current tasks in the area of physical activity promotion in the Czech Republic.